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          Linux下配置SSH免密访问
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        <p>SSH的免密钥登录原理其实就是SSH认证时将自己的公钥提前存储在需要被访问主机（可以是本主机，也可以是远程主机）的认证文件中，默认该文件路径为：<code>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code>。该文件中存储了哪台主机的公钥，那么那台主机就可以通过SSH免密钥登录本主机。<br>所以过程就是首先生成本机公钥和私钥，然后将公钥插入到需要免密码访问的主机的<code>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code>文件中</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h1 id="配置本机SSH免密登录"><a href="#配置本机SSH免密登录" class="headerlink" title="配置本机SSH免密登录"></a>配置本机SSH免密登录</h1><h2 id="生成密钥对"><a href="#生成密钥对" class="headerlink" title="生成密钥对"></a>生成密钥对</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">ssh-keygen -t rsa -P <span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;</span> -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中<code>-t</code>后面跟加密方法，推荐rsa，如果你想使用dsa算法，或者使用dsa算法后发现无法免密登录，可以查看这里（貌似dsa算法以后不再支持免密码登录）：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://superuser.com/questions/1016989/ssh-dsa-keys-no-longer-work-for-password-less-authentication">http://superuser.com/questions/1016989/ssh-dsa-keys-no-longer-work-for-password-less-authentication</a><br><code>-P</code>后面跟的是密码，这里表示密码为空，<code>-f</code>后面为么钥存储路径。<br>此时<code>.ssh</code>目录中文件如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.ssh</span><br><span class="line">├── id_rsa</span><br><span class="line">└── id_rsa.pub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中<code>.pub</code>结尾的即为公钥，另一个是私钥</p>
<h2 id="将密码插入到authorized-keys"><a href="#将密码插入到authorized-keys" class="headerlink" title="将密码插入到authorized_keys"></a>将密码插入到<code>authorized_keys</code></h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">cat</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt; ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="修改权限"><a href="#修改权限" class="headerlink" title="修改权限"></a>修改权限</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">chmod</span> 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果可以正常免密访问，可以不进行权限修改</p>
<h2 id="登录"><a href="#登录" class="headerlink" title="登录"></a>登录</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">ssh localhost</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>第一次登录会询问yes or no，直接回车，或者输入yes后回车即可</p>
<h1 id="配置远程主机SSH免密登录"><a href="#配置远程主机SSH免密登录" class="headerlink" title="配置远程主机SSH免密登录"></a>配置远程主机SSH免密登录</h1><p>假设远程主机的ip已经在本地的hosts文件中添加了映射，并且映射主机名为node1</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">ssh-keygen -t dsa -P <span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;</span> -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">ssh-copy-id -i user@node1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>现在就可以直接<code>ssh user@node1</code>来访问node1主机了，第一次会提示yes or no，直接回车即可</p>
<p><code>ssh-copy-id -i user@node1</code>就是将本机的公钥插入到远程主机node1的用户user的<code>authorized_keys</code>文件中<br>所以也可以手动通过scp将自己的公钥复制到远程主机，然后再将其手机复制到远程主机<code>authorized_keys</code>文件的结尾</p>
<p>如果需要反向访问，就需要从远程主机上进行相同的操作</p>

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